The
number of distinct photons or quanta of energy is ever increasing. If we go
back in the course of time we must find fewer and fewer quanta, until we find
all the energy of the Universe represented in a few quanta or even in a unique
quantum fluctuation or singularity. But in atomic processes the idea of time or
space are just statistical notions, they do not exist when applied to individual
interactions between small numbers of quanta. If the Universe begun with a
single quantum, the notions of time and space would fail to have any meaning at
the beginning, they would only begin to have a sensible meaning when the
original quantum had been divided into sufficient numbers of quanta. This
suggests that the beginning of the Universe happened a little before the
beginning of the process that forms time and space. Maybe an eternity before
LOL!
Another
way of looking at this would be as an infinite process of spherical symmetry
forming and breaking. Nothing has lower entropy than a sphere and as the
spherical symmetry is broken it forms greater degrees of freedom for the ever
increasing entropy or disorganization that we have in the Second Law of
Thermodynamics. Within such a process thinking of the Big Bang as a focus point
from are line of sight or reference frame within the Milky Way Galaxy. The
expansion of space and formation of time would naturally form spherical voids
with galaxies on the surface and clusters at the intersections of the spherical
voids. This fits in with observation of the Universe as a foam like structure
composed of soup bubbles in which the walls of the bubbles represent
concentrations of galaxies and their interior represent vast areas of space.
Quantum fluctuations would form Light or plasma that would expand out in all
directions forming a sphere. When another quantum fluctuation was encountered
the spherical symmetry would break forming the most beautiful of geometrical
shapes the spiral in the form of spiral galaxies. This is explained very simply
here, but can be explained in greater detail as plasma physics based on the
work of Hannes Alfven antimatter and plasma cosmology.
By far
the greatest thing about an infinite process of symmetry forming and breaking
is that it creates not just the possibility of ever greater symmetry forming,
but the inevitability of ever greater symmetry complexity and diversity. The
evolution of life was not some cosmic accident, the momentum and dynamic
geometry has always been written in structure of the Universe. With life only
ever being an infinitesimal potential of what it could be, and that will always
be so!
This
process from simple to complex is relative to lowering energy interactions or
temperature. The initial high temperature would form the light elements
hydrogen and helium with the heavier elements of the Periodic Table being
formed later within the stars, with hydrogen and helium as raw material. Eventually
these stars explode and distribute the material into the galaxy. Therefore we
can say we are all made of stardust!
At an
even more fundamental level what we are seeing is the division and movement of
charge. The light photon of quantum mechanics is the carrier that forms the
movement of charge and flow of electromagnetic fields. This process is
unfolding quanta by quanta or photon by photon with each new photon electron
coupling or dipole moment. At that moment in time we have matter antimatter
annihilation with an emergent future relative to the energy and momentum of the
atoms.
Causality
the precept that cause precedes effect requires the existence of an
antiparticle for every elementary particle. This is far from obvious, but in
Einstein’s Special relativity moving different observers could see things
happen in reverse order if we never had mirror symmetry or pairs of particles
and antiparticles.
The
‘microcosm’ and the ‘macrocosm’ are different aspects of the same process with
the mathematics of quantum mechanics representing the physics of ‘time’ as a
physical process. With classical physics representing process over a period of
time as in Newton’s differential equations.
By
simplifying consciousness to the form of electrical activity in the brain that
is aware of its own electrical potential we can explain conscious awareness as
the most advanced part of this universal process and can therefore comprehend
this simple process as 'time'. With a past that has gone forever and a future
that is always uncertain in the form of a probability function or quantum wave
particle function. Therefore each individual is in the centre of their own
reference frame as an interactive part of this process being able to look back
in time in all directions at the beauty of the stars! It is this
personalization of the brain being in ‘the moment of now’ in the center of its
own reference frame that gives us the concept of ‘mind’ with each one of us
having our own unique personal view of the beauty and uncertainty of life.
At the
smallest scale of this process our potential future possibilities and
opportunities are seen mathematically as Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle
∆×∆p×≥h/4π with the Planck constant ħ=h/2π being a constant of action in the
dynamic geometrical process of space and time!
The Universe is a continuum formed by the
spontaneous absorption and emission of light represented by the probability
function or quantum wave particle function. This is explained mathematically by
Schrödinger's wave equation Ψ. The wave particle duality of light and matter
(electrons) is forming a blank canvas that we can interact with forming the
possible into the actual! The future is an emergent property energy ∆E slows
the rate that time ∆t flows creating a future relative to the energy and
momentum or actions of each object or life form. Mass will increase relative to
this, and time dilation will also be seen at the largest scale as an expansion
of space!
This is
similar to Fred Hoyle’s Steady State Theory. He suggested matter might be
continuously created by a hypothetical “creation field” akin to a gravitational
or electromagnetic field. It was the creation of new matter that caused the
cosmos to expand. This was based on a seemingly mad idea of the routine
creation of matter from nothing. Ironically many theorists have now used
quantum theory to argue that our cosmos literally formed from nothing. But the
video below explains an alternative radical theory with quantum potential,
gravitational potential and electromagnetic potential being part of one process
with the future being formed out of nothing but a simple process of energy
exchange!
This is supported mathematically with both
the electromagnetic force and the gravitational force sharing the inverse
square law with the quantum wave particle function expanding out as an inverse
sphere forming the inward force of gravity. We have one universal geometrical
process in three dimensional space with gravity being a secondary force to the
electromagnetic force.
Because
we have one universal process the Universe will always be in perfect balance it
will never expand into nothingness and undergo a great crunch. The Universe
will always have critical density maintaining a flat Universe that has
Euclidean geometry in three dimensional space.
We can
have an infinite universe within a finite sphere as long as the Universe is
expanding. This has created the question what is outside the Universe?
In this
theory the answer is ‘the future’ the Universe is expanding forming the future!
A dart thrown at the edge of the Universe would carry on forming a future
relative to its energy and momentum.
The
extra dimensions of String Theory and parallel universes of Hugh Everett Many
worlds interpretation are just future possibilities and opportunities in our
one three dimensional Universe of continuous energy exchange or what I like to
call continuous creation. In Hugh Everett mathematics the parallel universes
are all at right-angles to each other. In this theory this represents
electromagnetic fields always being at right-angles to each other.
The
idea of a Big Bang and a cosmological time line can be explained using Eternal
Inflation with
expansion lasting forever. Instead having an ever inflating or expanding
Universe forming an infinite number of dimensions or parallel universes, we
have an infinity of possibilities and opportunities with formation of fractal
geometry in just three dimensions of space and one variable of time.
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