Why 3 +1 dimensions, why Minkowski Space

Hermann Murkowski was the first person to add an extra dimension to our everyday three dimensions to try to explain the fundamental nature of our Universe.

Later on in the form of string theory, many more extra dimensions were added.

But he cannot be blamed for this, because the extra dimension that he added represents the concept of time in our everyday life.

He was a great mathematician and was the first to link space and time together as in space-time.

In mainstream physics, there is no logical reason why two fundamentally different properties like space and time should be linked together in a peculiar 3 plus 1 dimensional form.

This theory explains this by simple geometry based on a process of spherical symmetry forming and breaking. An interior of a sphere is naturally 3 dimensional, with the spherical surface forming an extra dimension that we comprehend and measure as time.

The two-dimensional surface of the sphere also forms a boundary condition or manifold for positive and negative charge.

Because the process is relative to the spherical surface, we have to square radius r² this can be seen in the equations of physics with the speed of light squared c² the electron squared e² and the wave function squared ψ².

This can be based on Huygens’ Principle of 1670 that says, “Every point on a wave front has the potential for a new spherical wave”.